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NATIONAL DAIRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Historical Perspective

National Dairy Research Institute is the premier organization that provides R&D support for Dairy Development programmes of the Nation. Over the years, it has gained prominence as the front ranking research organization on global basis. The Institute works in close liaison with various National and International developmental agencies to assist the country in its dairy development plans. Scientific achievements, development of human resource at multi-tier level and infusion of science in various sectors of the dairy industry have been the hall-marks of the Institute. The Institute catalyses close interaction among scientists, students, farmers and dairy industry for orchestrating dairy development process in a harmonious manner.

The National Dairy Research Institute metamorphosed from erstwhile Imperial Institute for Animal Husbandry & Dairying, which was established at Bangalore in 1923. In 1936, it was expanded and renamed as Imperial Dairy Institute. It was in 1955 that its Headquarters were shifted to Karnal at the location formerly called Central Cattle Breeding Farm . view to consolidate the impressive infrastructure already developed at Bangalore, the unit was reorganised to serve as the Southern Regional Station of the Institute. In 1962 and 1964, two regional stations were established in Kalyani and Bombay, respectively, to serve as the Eastern and Western regional stations of the Institute. However, the Western Regional Station (WRS) at Bombay was closed down in 1984. The Southern and the Eastern Regional Stations continue to provide region specific R&D support for dairy development in relation to the agro-climatic conditions that exist in those areas. In 1970, the Institute's management was weaned away from the Ministry of Agriculture and brought under the wings of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research with a view to provide greater operational autonomy in research management functions. In 1989, status of Deemed University was conferred to the Institute for further strengthening the academic programmes for human resource development. The Institute provides high quality education in the field of dairying which has no parallel in Asia. It is noteworthy that NDRI is not only an important contributor of dairying manpower required in SAUs but it plays on important role in enhancing the teaching capabilities of SAUs dairying staff. This is evidenced by recognition, by the ICAR, of the Institute as Centre of Advanced Studies at NDRI in Dairy Cattle Breeding and Dairy Technology disciplines to further strengthen the research and training components. During the IX Plan period, a National Research Centre on Biotechnology is being commissioned at this Institute. There are also additional proposals to establish a National Referral Centre on Quality Assurance in Dairy Industry. Additionally a multi-locational network project for monitoring the Quality of Milk and Milk products is also being proposed during the IX Plan period.

Mandate

undertake basic and applied research in the area of Dairying covering Production, Processing, Economics and Management.

To develop Dairy Farming Systems for different agro-climatic conditions and demonstrate models for transfer of technology.
To organise and conduct programmes at under-graduate and post-graduate levels in various branches of dairy science.
To organise short-term specialised training programmes and vocational courses.
To collaborate with National and International agencies for Dairy Research and Development.
To provide consultancy to Dairy Industry, Dairy Farmers and other Dairy Development Agencies.
To act as a referral Centre on Dairy Research.
Organizational Structure
The organizational structure of NDRI follows the Deemed University pattern of the ICAR. The policy making functions are managed through four main bodies focused at fields of research, education and extension activities.

Board of Management
Research Advisory Committee
Academic Council
Extension Council

The highest policy making body is the Board of Management. The Director, NDRI, the Chairman of this Board. The Executive Council is the main task implementing body on administrative matters. The Research Advisory Committee is responsible for all round progress of research at the Institute and its application. The Academic Council is responsible for all issues relating to the education and training. The Academic Council, in turn, is supported by (i) Standing Committees, (ii) the post-graduate faculty, and (iii) the Board of Studies in the respective disciplines. The Extension Council is responsible for extension programmes. The Research, Education and Extension activities of the Institute are managed by the Director and the Joint Directors through Scientific, Technical, Administrative and Supporting staff. The Director is overall Administrative Head of the Institute and its Regional Stations at Kalyani(West Bengal) and Bangalore.  The Joint Directors in addition to extending support the Director in the area of Research, Academic and Administration are responsible to co-ordinate educational and research activities of various Divisions and Regional Stations, respectively. Each of the Regional Stations is administered through the Head located at the station. The Scientific and teaching work at the main station is conducted through 11 subject-matter Divisions namely Dairy Cattle Breeding, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, Dairy Cattle Physiology, Animal Biotechnology,Dairy Chemistry, Dairy Engineering, Dairy Microbiology, Dairy Technology, Animal Biochemistry, Dairy Economics, Statistics & Management and Dairy Extension.

Infrastructure and Facilities

The Institute at Karnal is located on 560 hacatre of land, of which 360 hacatre is used for fodder cultivation. Adorned by natural surroundings, the beautiful campus harbours Central Administrative Office, various Research Divisions, National Library in Dairying, the Cattle Yard, Embryo Biotechnology Centre, Animal Biotechnology division, Agricultural Technology Information centre (ATIC), Artificial Breeding Complex, Farm and Maintenance Sections, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Trainers' Training Centre, Computer Centre, Dairy Plant, Milk Parlour, Health Complex, Staff Club, Guest House, Community Centre, Printing Press, Exhibition Units and Museum, Residential Accommodation for the staff and Student Hostels.

The Institute offers various teaching programmes at  Graduate, Post-Graduate and Doctorate level in order to develop trained man power in dairying to meet challenges at national and international requirement. All research laboratories are equipped with ultra modern equipment and state-of-the-art technological facilities.

Diploma in Dairy Engineering

The objective of this course is to develop training in service candidates  to meet the requirements of plant machinery upkeep  at operational level in dairy plants. The duration the course is one year full time. This course is offered only at institute’s southern regional station, Banglore. The eligibility for admission is B.Tech(DT) from a recognized institution.

This degree programme offers intensive training in processing of milk and its products, quality control and engineering aspects of dairy processing equipment's.The duration of the B. Tech. (Dairy Technology) is 4 years. The course is given under semester system. One academic year consists of two Semesters each of about 18 weeks duration. The students are given one year in plant Training at Model Dairy Plant located at Institute's premises.
Eligibility for Admission to B.Tech. (Dairy Technology). The eligibility for admission is 10+2 or its equivalent examination with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and English from a Board/University recognised by the Institute. Only those candidates who have obtained at least 60% marks or equivalent G.P.A. in the aggregate of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics are eligible for admission to B.Tech. (Dairy Technology).

Post Graduate Programmes

The institute offers M.Sc and M.Tech degree programmes in the following disciplines:Dairy Microbiology, Dairy Chemistry, Dairy Technology, Dairy Engineering, Animal Biochemistry, Animal Biotechnology, Animal Genetics & Breeding, Livestock Production & Management, Animal Nutrition, Animal Physiology, Dairy Economics, Dairy Extension Education and Animal Biotechnology.

The duration of master in Dairying is  two years for graduates with four years professional degrees. However, it will be three years for those admitted to Master in Dairy Engineering with a degree of B.Sc./B.Tech.(DT). Candidates having Bachelor's Degree in the concerned field must have obtained at least 60% marks or an overall grade point average (OGPA) of 6.50 out of 10.00 or 3.25 out of 5.00 or 2.60 out of 4.00 (For SC/ST candidates 55% marks or of OGPA of 6.00 out of 10.00, 3.00 out of 5.00 or 2.40 out of 4.00) or a certificate from Registrar of having OGPA equivalent to 60% marks.

Dairy Microbiology, Dairy Chemistry, Dairy Technology, Dairy Engineering, Animal Biochemistry, Animal Biotechnology, Animal Genetics & Breeding, Livestock Production & Management, Animal Nutrition, Animal Physiology, Dairy Economics, Dairy Extension Education .

Candidates having Master's Degree in the relevant field must have obtained at least 60% marks or an overall grade point average (OGPA) of 6.50 out of 10.00 or 3.25 out of 5.00 or 2.60 out of 4.00 (For SC/ST candidates 55% marks of OGPA of 6.00 out of 10.00, 3.00 out of 5.00 or 2.40 out of 4.00) or a certificate from Registrar of having OGPA equivalent to 60% marks.

For detailed information please contact Registrar, NDRI, Karnal. Phone Number: 0184-2259008.

Farmer's Oriented Activities

Institute provides technical advice and guidance to central and state government organizations, cooperative institutions and private entrepreneurs in the development of cattle and dairy industry in India. Dairy Extension Division and Krishi Vigyan Kendra/  (KVK) are engaged to impart training to farmers and entrepreneurs. KVK imparts training to the different clientele comprising of farmers, farm-women, school dropouts, rural youths and village level extension functionaries of district Karnal. In addition, special requests from other areas of the country are also entertained.

Most of the training's of KVK are organized on the philosophy of learning by doing" in important areas like dairy farming, crops including pulses and oil seeds, horticulture, bee-keeping, fisheries and dairy products making. While imparting trainings through KVK, three fundamental principles viz. (i) agricultural production, the prime goal (ii) work experience, the main method of imparting training (iii) weaker section of the society, the main target, are always kept in mind. KVK concentrates its activities within the district in which it is located.

Training Programmes offered by KVK

Animal Husbandry and Dairying Scientific Dairy Farming (5 days)
Artificial Insemination and Veterinary First-Aid (2 months)
Management of Dairy Animals (13 days) Dairy Processing Milk Testing Techniques (5 days)
Milk Products Technology (5 days) Agriculture (Crop Production and Horticulture)
Scientific cultivation of oilseed and pulse crops (3 days)
Agro-techniques in fodder production (3 days)
Orchard planning and its management (5 days)
Commercial cultivation of vegetables and flowers (5 days)
Integrated pest management in cereal crops (3 days) Home Science Clean milk production (3 days)
Vocational training in preparation of milk based sweets, various ketchup and pickles (5 days)
Entrepreneurship development in fruits and vegetables preservation (5 days)

Training's are also organized in Bee-keeping and Fish Farming for 5 days duration. Training Programmes offered by TTC Dairy Production Planning and management of dairy farms (6 days)
Formulation of economic animal feed and mineral mixture. Bioprocessing of feeds and crop residues (6 days) Fodder production and its conservation (10 days) Dairy Processing Milk testing techniques (5 days)
Quality assessment of milk and milk products (8 days)
Basic principles of dairy processing (17 days)
Entrepreneurship development in dairy processing (10 days)
Cheese and coagulated milk products (6 days) Integrated Training Programme Integrated course in dairy production and dairy processing (10 days)

For organizing special training programmes on request for foreign nationals in various areas of dairying, approval from Govt. of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Research Education (DARE), Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India is required.

For further details regarding training programs please contact Head, KVK/TTC, NDRI,  Karnal. Phone Number : 2259338

Major Research Achievements

Major research achievements of the Institute are given as under:

Dairy Production

• Two high milk producing strains of cattle, named ‘Karan Fries’ and ‘Karan Swiss’ have been developed by crossbreeding followed by selection. These breeds produce currently an average of 12-kg milk per day as compared with the national average of 3 kg. Highest peak yields of 41 and 44 kg have been recorded in Karan Swiss and Karan Fries, respectively.

• A Dairysearch method of sire evaluation has been was developed and used by NDRI farm and other developmental agencies.

• Various cytogenetic techniques have been standardised to detect genetic abnormalities in farm animals. Cytogenetic profile of various breeds of cattle,  buffaloes and goats has been elucidated.

• A test has been developed for detection of adulteration of cow milk with buffalo milk.

• A milk replacer has been developed for economic raising of dairy calves and to save milk for human consumption.

• A cure has been developed for treat-ment of Degnala disease in animals.

• World’s first buffalo calf ‘Pratham’ was born through in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization of buffalo oocytes developed at NDRI.

• Various aspects of embryo transfer technology i.e. superovulation, estrus synchronisation using different hormone combinations in cattle and buffaloes have been developed and standardized.

• Ten calves were produced from a single donor cow in one years time through ETT.

• More than 100 calves (from cows and buffaloes) have been produced  through Embryo Transfer Technology at the Institute farm.

• Nutrient requirements of Cattle, Buffalo and Goat for protein and energy with respect to maintenance, growth and milk production have been formulated.

• Several Agro-Industrial byproducts (e.g., apple pomace, Soyapulp, undecorticated cottonfeed cake, deoiled recebran, mohowa cake, salseed meal, whey powder, neem cake etc.) have been evaluated for their utilization in dairy rations.

• Several feed toxins and pollutants (aflatoxins tannins, mimosine, glucosinolates, pesticides etc) have been studied for their adverse effects and measures for their control developed.

• Methane emissions from dairy cattle have been studied and control measures delineated.

• UMMB licks and densified enriched straw blocks have been developed for dairy cattle feeding.

• Male buffalo calf feeding practices have been developed for commercial buffalo meat production.

Ultrasonography for detection of
pregnancy in cows

• A large animal treadmill for cattle and buffaloes which is the only one of its kind in South East Asia has been fabricated with indigenous components for estimating draught efficiency of animals.

• A pneumatic tyred bullock cart ‘dynamometer alignment system’ to evaluate the physiological parameters such as draught capacity, speed and horsepower during work has been developed at the Institute.

• Technologies have been developed for increasing milk production in lactating cattle and buffaloes to the extent of about 20% by administration of recombinantly derived bovine somatotrophin, without any adverse effect on the composition of milk and reproductive health of the animals.

• A simple platform test for detection of refined mustard oil added to milk at a level higher than 10% of the original milk fat has been developed using specially designed milk butyrometer.

• Semen extender based on milk whey for buffalo semen has been developed.

• A simple diagnostic kit “PRAMAN” for pregnancy/non‑pregnancy detection in buffaloes on days 22-24 post insemination has been developed. The kits make use of disposable droppers and inexpensive consumables.

• The studies on amino acid transport mechanism in the intestine under nutritional stress have provided basic understanding to the mechanism of natural adaptation.

• The hybridoma technology for the production of monoclonal antibodies has been developed.

• The improved dairy animal feeding, breeding and management practices contributed directly by NDRI Produc-tion Research and Technology Transfer programmes have raised the eco-nomic status of different categories of farmers in and around the Karnal District.

• A simple method using laparoscopy/laparotomy was found to be useful for transferring IVF goat embryos to synchronized recipient goats.

Two cell stage embryo was developed from a couplet, which was
reconstructed with fibroblast cell and was electro fused, activated
and cultured.

• Two cell stage embryo was developed from a couplet, which was reconstructed with fibroblast cell and was electro fused, activated and cultured.

• First goat kid was born through IVF produced embryo at NDRI, Karnal.

First goat kid was born through IVF produced embryo at NDRI with dam

• The hemizona assay was found to be an effective test for predicting the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa.

Dairy Processing

• The research conducted in the areas of milk preservation, product/ process improvement, technologies for development of

Twin-apron conveyer for continous
dewatering of curd

Indian dairy products, product quality assessment and design and development of dairy equipment, has resulted in consi-derable enrichment of the aspects of dairy processing from the point of view of industrial applications as well as teaching at various levels.
•  The know-how in respect of various products and processes has been vastly expanded. The industry desiring to take to new

Production of Engineering tools in Lathe

processes in milk handling and product manufacture can depend on the expertise available with the Institute

.

Continuous Ghee Making Machine developed at NDRI, Karnal

 and does not have to seek foreign know-how in most of the dairy processing areas.
•  Techniques have been developed and processes standardised for the manufacture of Indigenous dairy products such as khoa and khoa based sweets, chhana and its sweets, Shrikand, Rabri, Paneer, ready to reconstitute formulations for products like Gulab jamun, Rasgolla and kulfi etc.
•  Infant food formulations conforming to the WHO/FAO/Codex

Instant Natural Banana Milk Spray Dried Powder developed at SRS, NDRI, Bangalore.

standards have been developed for the dietary management of infants, as well as small pro-term’ and ‘Pre-term infants’.
•  Several formulated foods have been evolved at this Institute. These include whey - flavoured drink, weaning foods based on whey/skim milk, soy-butter milk, soft serve ice-cream, malted milk, coffee complete, tea complete, milk fruit shake, whey based soups, low fat spreads and milk carrot powder as a versatile base material for biscuits, frozen dessert, shakes etc.
•  Among convenience products developed by NDRI are karhi powder, shrikand podwer, khoa powder, chhana powder, ice-cream mix powder, chocolate milk powder, cream and butter powder, low lactose milk powder and instant banana milk shake powder etc.
•  Equipments have been developed and designed for continuous manufacture of ghee and khoa on industrial scale. For making khoa, the industry is using NDRI technology, which can produce 50-kg khoa per hour from milk.
•  Barseem Harvester as a dairy farm appliance has been developed.
•  Engineering studies have been conducted on storage of animal feed and its ingredients as well as on application of animal power for cooling milk.
•  Studies have been conducted on characterization and treatment of dairy waste, minimization of pollution by reutilization of whey as energy source
•  Heat exchanger for preconditioning of milk, coagulant supply unit and integrated ventury mixer for continuous paneer making has been developed for better recovery and quality of paneer.
•  Basic information generated in the areas of milk lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins, enzymes etc. has helped in the standardisation of procedures for manufacturing dairy products. Research in the areas of starter cultures, fermented dairy products, whey utilization, detection of antibiotics in milk, microbial enzymes and fermentation, microbiology of indigenous dairy products and quality assurance has resulted in considerable enrichment of dairy processing from the point of view of industrial application as well as basic research.
•  A National Centre for Dairy Cultures for the supply of various types of microbial cultures to dairy plants, agriculture universities and neighbouring countries has been established in the Microbiology Division.
•  The dairy processing technologies developed by NDRI has a direct impact on consumers getting better quality products, and an indirect impact of providing enhanced econo-mic returns to the milk producers.
•  Buffalo milk processing technologies as also new products technologies have greatly improved the scope for product diversification by the industry, which has primarily, buffalo milk to process.
•  A Kit has been designed for the detection of various adulterants like urea, sugar, glucose, starch, neutralizers, hydrogen peroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, animal body fat and vegetable oils under field conditions.
•  A simple and rapid PCR based method for detection of coliforms and Mycobacterium bovis has been developed.

Dairy Management and Extension
•  A composite management index for bovines as a determinant for enhancing milk production has been developed.
•  A test for measurement of adoption behaviour of dairy farmers has been developed besides development of training effectiveness index and skill competence scale.
• Operation research project using farming system research approach in 32 adopted villages around Karnal has made significant contributions to the farming communities of this area.
•  A major Pilot Project on Technology Assessment and Refinement through Institute – Village Linkage Programme (IVLP) has been initiated in 5 villages around Karnal to identify available resources, production systems, problems in agriculture and animal husbandry and gender related issues affecting rural development.
•  All India Dairy Husbandry Officers’ Workshop organized at NDRI serves as an interface between the scientists of the institute working in  their area of specialization and field workers in the area of Animal Husbandry, Dairy Processing and Management.
•  Under the Farming System Research Project 6297 milk-producing households have been covered for transfer of new scientific know-how on milk and crop production. 
•  Dairy Melas are regularly held to promote Rural Development. Several thousand farmers and farmwomen participate in such melas.
•  Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) conducts training programmes on different aspects of Animal Husbandry & Dairying. Farmers’ Days and programmes for Women in Agriculture are also organized by KVK for the benefit of farmers and rural women.

Director
NDRI Deemed University
Karnal-132 001
Phone (Office): 0184-2252800,2259002
(Residence): 0184-2253004; 2271612; 2259406
Fax: 0184-2250042

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